Assessment of Renal and Hematological Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with progressive renal dysfunction and hematological abnormalities that contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate renal and hematological parameters among patients with T2DM.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted at A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, involving 30 participants, including 15 patients with T2DM and 15 healthy controls. Serum urea and creatinine were analyzed using the Beckman Coulter AU480 analyzer, while hematological parameters were measured using the Sysmex XN-1000 automated hematology analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent t-test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Diabetic patients showed higher mean serum urea (37.80 ± 23.34 mg/dL) and serum creatinine (1.63 ± 1.91 mg/dL) than controls, although the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Hemoglobin (11.00 ± 1.61 g/dL; p=0.003), packed cell volume (p=0.021), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p=0.034) were significantly reduced among diabetic patients.

Conclusion: Patients with T2DM exhibited early renal alterations and significant anemia-related hematological changes. Routine assessment of renal function and complete blood count may facilitate early detection of diabetic complications and improve clinical management.